{"id":937,"date":"2014-08-19T13:03:37","date_gmt":"2014-08-19T16:03:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mulki.com.ar\/iadmin\/?p=937"},"modified":"2014-09-18T14:56:43","modified_gmt":"2014-09-18T14:56:43","slug":"que-pueden-aprender-las-escuelas-de-negocios-de-la-profesion-medica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/face.unt.edu.ar\/web\/iadmin\/que-pueden-aprender-las-escuelas-de-negocios-de-la-profesion-medica\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 pueden aprender las escuelas de negocios de la profesi\u00f3n m\u00e9dica?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Mi\u00e9rcoles, 08 de Agosto de 2012<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9\u00a0pueden\u00a0aprender\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0negocios\u00a0de la\u00a0profesi\u00f3n\u00a0m\u00e9dica?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Por\u00a0Nitin\u00a0Nohria<\/em><\/p>\n

Fuente:\u00a0Revista\u00a0HBR,\u00a0Enero-Febrero\u00a02012<\/p>\n

Colaboraci\u00f3n\u00a0del\u00a0Profesor\u00a0Benjam\u00edn\u00a0Viejobueno.\u00a0Traducci\u00f3n\u00a0de Silvia\u00a0Usandivaras<\/p>\n

Hace\u00a0unos\u00a0a\u00f1os, un\u00a0miembro\u00a0de mi\u00a0familia\u00a0que\u00a0me\u00a0visitaba\u00a0desde\u00a0India se\u00a0enferm\u00f3. Pronto\u00a0\u00e9l\u00a0estaba\u00a0sentado\u00a0en\u00a0una\u00a0camilla\u00a0de hospital,\u00a0rodeado\u00a0de\u00a0gente\u00a0de\u00a0bata\u00a0blanca, personas\u00a0que\u00a0eran, en\u00a0su\u00a0mayor\u00a0parte,\u00a0incre\u00edblemente\u00a0inexpertas.<\/p>\n

Esto\u00a0es\u00a0com\u00fan\u00a0en Boston.\u00a0Muchos\u00a0de\u00a0nuestros\u00a0maravillosos\u00a0hospitales\u00a0est\u00e1n\u00a0afiliados\u00a0a\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0medicina,\u00a0por\u00a0lo\u00a0queest\u00e1n\u00a0llenos\u00a0de\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0practicando\u00a0para\u00a0ser\u00a0m\u00e9dicos.\u00a0Puede\u00a0ser\u00a0desconcertante\u00a0o\u00a0incluso\u00a0aterrador\u00a0poner\u00a0su\u00a0salud\u00a0en\u00a0manosde personas\u00a0que\u00a0todav\u00eda\u00a0est\u00e1n\u00a0aprendiendo\u00a0su\u00a0profesi\u00f3n.\u00a0Pero\u00a0cada\u00a0vez\u00a0que\u00a0estoy\u00a0en\u00a0esta\u00a0situaci\u00f3n,\u00a0recuerdo\u00a0que\u00a0tenemos\u00a0laobligaci\u00f3n\u00a0como\u00a0pacientes\u00a0de\u00a0ayudar\u00a0a\u00a0entrenar\u00a0la\u00a0pr\u00f3xima\u00a0generaci\u00f3n\u00a0de\u00a0m\u00e9dicos.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n\u00a0tengo\u00a0en\u00a0cuenta\u00a0lo\u00a0bien\u00a0que\u00a0la\u00a0profesi\u00f3n\u00a0m\u00e9dica\u00a0supervisa\u00a0a\u00a0sus\u00a0alumnos,\u00a0d\u00e1ndoles\u00a0autonom\u00eda\u00a0suficiente\u00a0como\u00a0paraaprender\u00a0a la\u00a0vez\u00a0que\u00a0minimiza\u00a0la\u00a0probabilidad\u00a0de\u00a0que\u00a0pudieran\u00a0da\u00f1ar\u00a0a los\u00a0pacientes. La\u00a0experiencia\u00a0cl\u00ednica\u00a0adquirida\u00a0por\u00a0losm\u00e9dicos\u00a0en\u00a0ciernes\u00a0es\u00a0un\u00a0ejemplo\u00a0ideal de\u00a0c\u00f3mo\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0profesionales\u00a0dirigen\u00a0la \u00abbrecha\u00a0de\u00a0conocimiento\u00a0y la\u00a0acci\u00f3n.\u00bb<\/p>\n

En\u00a0t\u00e9rminos\u00a0generales,\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0medicina\u00a0son\u00a0mucho\u00a0mejores\u00a0en\u00a0esto\u00a0que\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0negocios,\u00a0pero\u00a0ellas\u00a0tienen\u00a0unaventaja:\u00a0Cada\u00a0hospital\u00a0tiene\u00a0un\u00a0flujo\u00a0constante\u00a0de\u00a0pacientes\u00a0a los\u00a0que\u00a0se\u00a0puede\u00a0exponer\u00a0a los\u00a0estudiantes.\u00a0Insertar\u00a0a losestudiantes\u00a0de\u00a0negocios\u00a0en\u00a0situaciones\u00a0del\u00a0mundo\u00a0real de\u00a0gesti\u00f3n\u00a0es\u00a0mucho\u00a0m\u00e1s\u00a0dif\u00edcil. Sin embargo,\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0negociostienen\u00a0que\u00a0trabajar\u00a0m\u00e1s\u00a0duro\u00a0para\u00a0cerrar\u00a0la\u00a0brecha\u00a0entre\u00a0el saber y el\u00a0hacer.<\/p>\n

Harvard Business School ha\u00a0utilizado\u00a0durante\u00a0mucho\u00a0tiempo\u00a0los\u00a0estudios\u00a0de\u00a0caso\u00a0-un\u00a0m\u00e9todo\u00a0adaptado\u00a0de la\u00a0Facultad\u00a0de\u00a0Derechode Harvard e\u00a0introducido\u00a0a la\u00a0educaci\u00f3n\u00a0de\u00a0negocios-\u00a0para\u00a0proyectar\u00a0a los\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0en el\u00a0papel\u00a0de\u00a0directivos\u00a0que\u00a0resuelvenproblemas\u00a0de\u00a0negocios. El\u00a0an\u00e1lisis\u00a0de 400\u00a0casos\u00a0en dos\u00a0a\u00f1os\u00a0les\u00a0da\u00a0a\u00a0nuestros\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0de MBA\u00a0mucha\u00a0pr\u00e1ctica\u00a0en\u00a0esto. Losestudios\u00a0de\u00a0casos\u00a0son\u00a0una\u00a0herramienta\u00a0muy\u00a0eficaz,\u00a0pero\u00a0tambi\u00e9n\u00a0son\u00a0limitados: Los\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0de\u00a0negocios\u00a0s\u00f3lo\u00a0se\u00a0puedenimaginar\u00a0la forma en\u00a0que\u00a0habr\u00edan\u00a0de\u00a0enfrentar\u00a0un\u00a0problema\u00a0de\u00a0gesti\u00f3n,\u00a0mientras\u00a0que\u00a0los\u00a0residentes\u00a0m\u00e9dicos\u00a0se\u00a0enfrentan\u00a0conproblemas\u00a0de\u00a0salud\u00a0de la\u00a0vida\u00a0real.<\/p>\n

Estamos\u00a0reinventando\u00a0nuestro\u00a0plan de\u00a0estudios\u00a0de MBA\u00a0para\u00a0tratar\u00a0de\u00a0reducir\u00a0la\u00a0brecha\u00a0entre\u00a0el saber y el\u00a0hacer.
\nPara\u00a0dar\u00a0a los\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0de MBA\u00a0una\u00a0dosis\u00a0de\u00a0experiencia\u00a0del\u00a0mundo\u00a0real,\u00a0HBS\u00a0est\u00e1\u00a0introduciendo\u00a0su\u00a0mayor\u00a0cambio\u00a0curricular encasi\u00a090\u00a0a\u00f1os. Los\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0en\u00a0nuestras\u00a0experiencias\u00a0de\u00a0campo\u00a0de\u00a0inserci\u00f3n\u00a0para\u00a0el\u00a0programa\u00a0de\u00a0Desarrollo\u00a0de\u00a0Liderazgo\u00a0sededicar\u00e1n\u00a0a\u00a0las\u00a0actividades\u00a0orientadas\u00a0a la\u00a0pr\u00e1ctica\u00a0durante\u00a0todo\u00a0el\u00a0a\u00f1o.\u00a0Este\u00a0trabajo\u00a0ha\u00a0comenzado\u00a0en el campus,\u00a0donde\u00a0losestudiantes\u00a0han\u00a0estado\u00a0tomando\u00a0talleres\u00a0de\u00a0desarrollo\u00a0de\u00a0productos\u00a0y la\u00a0elaboraci\u00f3n\u00a0de\u00a0proyectos\u00a0de\u00a0inversi\u00f3n.\u00a0Pero\u00a0lo\u00a0m\u00e1sambicioso\u00a0del\u00a0programa\u00a0comienza\u00a0en\u00a0enero\u00a0de 2012,\u00a0cuando\u00a0HBS\u00a0enviar\u00e1\u00a0a\u00a0toda\u00a0la\u00a0clase\u00a0de primer\u00a0a\u00f1o\u00a0-m\u00e1s\u00a0de 900\u00a0estudiantes- al\u00a0extranjero\u00a0a los\u00a0mercados\u00a0en\u00a0desarrollo,\u00a0donde\u00a0van a\u00a0trabajar\u00a0en\u00a0equipos\u00a0de\u00a0seis\u00a0con\u00a0una\u00a0multinacional\u00a0o\u00a0una\u00a0empresa\u00a0localpara\u00a0desarrollar\u00a0una\u00a0nueva\u00a0oferta\u00a0de\u00a0producto\u00a0o de\u00a0servicio.<\/p>\n

En\u00a0Estambul,\u00a0Ciudad\u00a0del\u00a0Cabo, San Pablo,\u00a0Bombai, Shanghai, y en\u00a0otros\u00a0lugares, los\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0podr\u00edan\u00a0entrevistar\u00a0a los\u00a0clientes,conocer\u00a0gente\u00a0en la\u00a0cadena\u00a0de\u00a0suministro, o\u00a0visitar\u00a0a los\u00a0competidores. Al final de\u00a0cada\u00a0d\u00eda, al\u00a0igual\u00a0que\u00a0los\u00a0residentes\u00a0del hospitaldespu\u00e9s\u00a0de\u00a0las\u00a0rondas, se\u00a0reunir\u00e1n\u00a0con\u00a0miembros\u00a0de la\u00a0facultad\u00a0para\u00a0discutir\u00a0lo\u00a0que\u00a0est\u00e1n\u00a0aprendiendo. (Es\u00a0esta\u00a0interacci\u00f3n\u00a0diarialo\u00a0que\u00a0en\u00a0gran\u00a0medida\u00a0distingue\u00a0la\u00a0experiencia\u00a0de\u00a0una\u00a0pasant\u00eda\u00a0de\u00a0verano.)\u00a0Ellos\u00a0obtendr\u00e1n\u00a0la\u00a0humildad\u00a0del\u00a0contexto, al\u00a0darsecuenta\u00a0de\u00a0que\u00a0los planes\u00a0que\u00a0se\u00a0concibieron\u00a0antes en el campus\u00a0encontrar\u00e1n\u00a0obst\u00e1culos\u00a0imprevistos\u00a0en el\u00a0campo.<\/p>\n

Nuestro\u00a0objetivo\u00a0es\u00a0no\u00a0s\u00f3lo\u00a0mejorar\u00a0la\u00a0experiencia\u00a0de\u00a0nuestros\u00a0estudiantes,\u00a0sino\u00a0mejorar\u00a0la\u00a0pedagog\u00eda\u00a0de la\u00a0administraci\u00f3n.\u00a0Eso\u00a0eslo\u00a0que\u00a0HBS\u00a0hizo\u00a0con el\u00a0m\u00e9todo\u00a0del\u00a0caso,\u00a0que\u00a0ahora\u00a0se\u00a0utiliza\u00a0universalmente.\u00a0Es\u00a0hora\u00a0de\u00a0hacer\u00a0lo\u00a0mismo\u00a0con la\u00a0formaci\u00f3n\u00a0pr\u00e1cticade\u00a0gesti\u00f3n.\u00a0Nuestro\u00a0compromiso\u00a0es\u00a0aprender\u00a0c\u00f3mo\u00a0la\u00a0experiencia\u00a0debe\u00a0estar\u00a0estructurada,\u00a0qu\u00e9\u00a0papel\u00a0deben\u00a0jugar\u00a0los\u00a0profesores, yqu\u00e9\u00a0apoyo\u00a0de\u00a0las\u00a0empresas\u00a0se\u00a0requiere, con el fin de\u00a0desarrollar\u00a0un\u00a0m\u00e9todo\u00a0que\u00a0otras\u00a0instituciones\u00a0pueden\u00a0adoptar.<\/p>\n

No\u00a0tenemos\u00a0todas\u00a0las\u00a0respuestas, y\u00a0vamos\u00a0a\u00a0estar\u00a0improvisando\u00a0sobre\u00a0la\u00a0marcha. Las\u00a0empresas\u00a0que\u00a0reciban\u00a0a\u00a0nuestros\u00a0alumnos,tampoco\u00a0obtendr\u00e1n\u00a0los\u00a0conocimientos\u00a0que\u00a0recibir\u00edan\u00a0de los\u00a0asesores\u00a0reales. Al\u00a0igual\u00a0que\u00a0los\u00a0pacientes\u00a0del hospital\u00a0bajo\u00a0eltratamiento\u00a0de un\u00a0nuevo\u00a0residente,\u00a0todos\u00a0los\u00a0involucrados\u00a0experimentan\u00a0cierto\u00a0nerviosismo\u00a0y\u00a0malestar.\u00a0Pero\u00a0en\u00a0una\u00a0econom\u00edaglobal\u00a0que\u00a0pondr\u00e1\u00a0una\u00a0gran\u00a0presi\u00f3n\u00a0en la\u00a0pr\u00f3xima\u00a0generaci\u00f3n\u00a0de\u00a0gerentes\u00a0y\u00a0l\u00edderes,\u00a0este\u00a0es\u00a0un\u00a0peque\u00f1o\u00a0precio\u00a0a\u00a0pagar\u00a0por\u00a0elconocimiento\u00a0y la\u00a0experiencia.<\/p>\n

Nitin\u00a0Nohria\u00a0es\u00a0el\u00a0decano\u00a0de la Harvard Business School<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Texto\u00a0original:<\/p>\n

What Business Schools Can Learn from the Medical Profession<\/p>\n

by\u00a0Nitin\u00a0Nohria<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A few years ago, a family member visiting from India became ill. Soon he was sitting on a hospital gurney, surrounded by people in lab coats\u2014people who were, for the most part, incredibly inexperienced.<\/p>\n

This is common in Boston. Many of our wonderful hospitals are affiliated with medical schools, so they\u2019re full of students training to be doctors. It can be disconcerting or even frightening to put your health in the hands of individuals who are still learning their profession. But whenever I\u2019m in this situation, I remember that we have an obligation as patients to help train the next generation of doctors.<\/p>\n

I also keep in mind how well the medical profession supervises its trainees, giving them enough autonomy to learn while minimizing the chance that they might harm patients. The clinical experience gained by fledgling doctors is an ideal example of how professional schools address the \u201cknowing-doing gap.\u201d<\/p>\n

Generally speaking, medical schools are much better at this than business schools, but they have an advantage: Every hospital has a constant influx of patients to whom it can expose students. Inserting business students into real-world managerial situations is much more challenging. Still, business schools need to work harder to close the knowing-doing gap.<\/p>\n

Harvard Business School has long used case studies\u2014a method it adapted from Harvard Law School and introduced to business education\u2014to project students into the role of managers solving business problems. Analyzing 400 cases in two years gives our MBA students a lot of practice at this. Case studies are a very effective tool, but they\u2019re also limited: Business students can only imagine how they\u2019d tackle a managerial problem, whereas medical residents are facing real-life health concerns.<\/p>\n

We\u2019re reinventing our MBA curriculum to try to narrow the knowing-doing gap.<\/p>\n

To give MBA students a dose of real-world experience,\u00a0HBS\u00a0is introducing its biggest curriculum change in nearly 90 years. Students in our Field Immersion Experiences for Leadership Development program will engage in practice-oriented activities throughout the year. This work has begun on campus, where students have been taking product development workshops and crafting investment pitches. But the program\u2019s most ambitious aspect starts in January 2012, when\u00a0HBS\u00a0will send the entire first-year class\u2014more than 900 students\u2014abroad to developing markets, where they will work in teams of six with a multinational or a local company to develop a new product or service offering.<\/p>\n

In Istanbul, Cape Town,\u00a0S\u00e3o\u00a0Paulo, Mumbai, Shanghai, and elsewhere, the students might be interviewing customers, meeting people in the supply chain, or visiting competitors. At the end of each day, much like hospital residents after rounds, they will gather with faculty members to discuss what they are learning. (It is this daily faculty interaction that greatly distinguishes the experience from a summer internship.) They\u2019ll gain contextual humility, realizing that the plans they conceived back on campus will meet unanticipated obstacles in the field.<\/p>\n

Our goal is not only to enhance the experience of our students but to improve management pedagogy. That is what\u00a0HBS\u00a0did with the case study method, which is now used universally. It\u2019s time to do the same with managerial field training. Our commitment is to learn how the experience should be structured, what role the faculty should play, and what company support is required, in order to develop a method that other institutions can embrace.<\/p>\n

We don\u2019t have all the answers, and we\u2019ll be improvising as we go. Nor will the businesses that host our students acquire the expertise they\u2019d get from actual consultants. Like hospital patients being treated by a new resident, everyone involved will experience some nervousness and discomfort. But in a global economy that will put heavy demands on the next generation of managers and leaders, that\u2019s a small price to pay for knowledge and experience.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nitin\u00a0Nohria\u00a0is the dean of Harvard Business School.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mi\u00e9rcoles, 08 de Agosto de 2012 \u00bfQu\u00e9\u00a0pueden\u00a0aprender\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0negocios\u00a0de la\u00a0profesi\u00f3n\u00a0m\u00e9dica?\u00a0 Por\u00a0Nitin\u00a0Nohria Fuente:\u00a0Revista\u00a0HBR,\u00a0Enero-Febrero\u00a02012 Colaboraci\u00f3n\u00a0del\u00a0Profesor\u00a0Benjam\u00edn\u00a0Viejobueno.\u00a0Traducci\u00f3n\u00a0de Silvia\u00a0Usandivaras Hace\u00a0unos\u00a0a\u00f1os, un\u00a0miembro\u00a0de mi\u00a0familia\u00a0que\u00a0me\u00a0visitaba\u00a0desde\u00a0India se\u00a0enferm\u00f3. Pronto\u00a0\u00e9l\u00a0estaba\u00a0sentado\u00a0en\u00a0una\u00a0camilla\u00a0de hospital,\u00a0rodeado\u00a0de\u00a0gente\u00a0de\u00a0bata\u00a0blanca, personas\u00a0que\u00a0eran, en\u00a0su\u00a0mayor\u00a0parte,\u00a0incre\u00edblemente\u00a0inexpertas. Esto\u00a0es\u00a0com\u00fan\u00a0en Boston.\u00a0Muchos\u00a0de\u00a0nuestros\u00a0maravillosos\u00a0hospitales\u00a0est\u00e1n\u00a0afiliados\u00a0a\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0medicina,\u00a0por\u00a0lo\u00a0queest\u00e1n\u00a0llenos\u00a0de\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0practicando\u00a0para\u00a0ser\u00a0m\u00e9dicos.\u00a0Puede\u00a0ser\u00a0desconcertante\u00a0o\u00a0incluso\u00a0aterrador\u00a0poner\u00a0su\u00a0salud\u00a0en\u00a0manosde personas\u00a0que\u00a0todav\u00eda\u00a0est\u00e1n\u00a0aprendiendo\u00a0su\u00a0profesi\u00f3n.\u00a0Pero\u00a0cada\u00a0vez\u00a0que\u00a0estoy\u00a0en\u00a0esta\u00a0situaci\u00f3n,\u00a0recuerdo\u00a0que\u00a0tenemos\u00a0laobligaci\u00f3n\u00a0como\u00a0pacientes\u00a0de\u00a0ayudar\u00a0a\u00a0entrenar\u00a0la\u00a0pr\u00f3xima\u00a0generaci\u00f3n\u00a0de\u00a0m\u00e9dicos.   Tambi\u00e9n\u00a0tengo\u00a0en\u00a0cuenta\u00a0lo\u00a0bien\u00a0que\u00a0la\u00a0profesi\u00f3n\u00a0m\u00e9dica\u00a0supervisa\u00a0a\u00a0sus\u00a0alumnos,\u00a0d\u00e1ndoles\u00a0autonom\u00eda\u00a0suficiente\u00a0como\u00a0paraaprender\u00a0a la\u00a0vez\u00a0que\u00a0minimiza\u00a0la\u00a0probabilidad\u00a0de\u00a0que\u00a0pudieran\u00a0da\u00f1ar\u00a0a los\u00a0pacientes. La\u00a0experiencia\u00a0cl\u00ednica\u00a0adquirida\u00a0por\u00a0losm\u00e9dicos\u00a0en\u00a0ciernes\u00a0es\u00a0un\u00a0ejemplo\u00a0ideal de\u00a0c\u00f3mo\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0profesionales\u00a0dirigen\u00a0la \u00abbrecha\u00a0de\u00a0conocimiento\u00a0y la\u00a0acci\u00f3n.\u00bb En\u00a0t\u00e9rminos\u00a0generales,\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0medicina\u00a0son\u00a0mucho\u00a0mejores\u00a0en\u00a0esto\u00a0que\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0negocios,\u00a0pero\u00a0ellas\u00a0tienen\u00a0unaventaja:\u00a0Cada\u00a0hospital\u00a0tiene\u00a0un\u00a0flujo\u00a0constante\u00a0de\u00a0pacientes\u00a0a los\u00a0que\u00a0se\u00a0puede\u00a0exponer\u00a0a los\u00a0estudiantes.\u00a0Insertar\u00a0a losestudiantes\u00a0de\u00a0negocios\u00a0en\u00a0situaciones\u00a0del\u00a0mundo\u00a0real de\u00a0gesti\u00f3n\u00a0es\u00a0mucho\u00a0m\u00e1s\u00a0dif\u00edcil. Sin embargo,\u00a0las\u00a0escuelas\u00a0de\u00a0negociostienen\u00a0que\u00a0trabajar\u00a0m\u00e1s\u00a0duro\u00a0para\u00a0cerrar\u00a0la\u00a0brecha\u00a0entre\u00a0el saber y el\u00a0hacer. Harvard Business School ha\u00a0utilizado\u00a0durante\u00a0mucho\u00a0tiempo\u00a0los\u00a0estudios\u00a0de\u00a0caso\u00a0-un\u00a0m\u00e9todo\u00a0adaptado\u00a0de la\u00a0Facultad\u00a0de\u00a0Derechode Harvard e\u00a0introducido\u00a0a la\u00a0educaci\u00f3n\u00a0de\u00a0negocios-\u00a0para\u00a0proyectar\u00a0a los\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0en el\u00a0papel\u00a0de\u00a0directivos\u00a0que\u00a0resuelvenproblemas\u00a0de\u00a0negocios. El\u00a0an\u00e1lisis\u00a0de 400\u00a0casos\u00a0en dos\u00a0a\u00f1os\u00a0les\u00a0da\u00a0a\u00a0nuestros\u00a0estudiantes\u00a0de MBA\u00a0mucha\u00a0pr\u00e1ctica\u00a0en\u00a0esto. 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